The purpose of this report is to conduct an initial baseline estimate of the benefits provided to residents of Aurora from the existing stock of natural capital in the Town. From this baseline analysis, economic costs associated with changes to the features related to natural capital can be factored into future land use decisions and other Town initiatives.

This study uses a spatially explicit ecosystem service valuation technique to estimate ecosystem service values and geographic variation in the values for southern Ontario. It also discusses the current challenges with research in ecosystem services valuation and how ecosystem services could support decision-making in policy and planning.

The value of the natural capital of the Credit River Watershed is assessed using a benefit transfer approach to estimate the flow of benefits from the ecological services provided by the watershed. The research also uses two case studies, urban development and reforestation and naturalization, to demonstrate how natural capital valuation can be used to inform decision-making.

The living city report card assesses the state of environmental measures such as carbon emissions, air and water quality, waste management, land use and biodiversity across the Greater Toronto Area. It features a special commentary on ecosystem services, specifically the importance of natural infrastructure in existing and proposed communities in providing benefits such as adding life to the city and softening the built form, as well as reduced health care costs.