This report identifies over 50 key questions about the economics of ecosystem services and biodiversity. Answers to these questions draw upon the latest insights and initiatives that are relevant to Ontario and the Ontario Biodiversity Strategy. The result is a report that addresses: 1) the economic valuation of nature’s benefits that are mostly unpriced; 2) the accounting of these values so they can be measured and managed along with traditional economic information; 3) the conservation of these values using innovative approaches known as economic instruments.